العدد الأول ISSUE (1)http://159.69.53.182:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5192024-03-28T18:15:28Z2024-03-28T18:15:28ZHerbicidal efficacy and selectivity of pendimethalin, oxadiazon and their tank mixtures to direct seeded onionNasr Eldin, K. AbdallaAbdel Gabbar, T. Babikerhttp://159.69.53.182:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5292018-12-20T10:32:39Z2018-12-01T00:00:00ZHerbicidal efficacy and selectivity of pendimethalin, oxadiazon and their tank mixtures to direct seeded onion
Nasr Eldin, K. Abdalla; Abdel Gabbar, T. Babiker
Production of direct seeded onion is constrained by weeds and complete loss of crop yield is not
uncommon. Field trials were undertaken to study the influence of sequential applications of the
herbicides pendimethalin, oxadiazon and their tank mixtures on efficacy and selectivity to direct
seeded onion. Experiments were undertaken at the Gezira and Shendi Research Stations. Onion (cv
Saggai) seeds were planted on ridges. Grassy weeds were predominant at the Gezira Research Farm
(62 and 69%), while at Shendi Research Farm broad-leaved weeds were the most common (71%).
Pendimethalin at 1.19 and 1.79 kg a. i. ha-1, applied at planting, effected excellent and persistent
control (85-100%) of grassy weeds. The herbicide at the low rate displayed inconsistent performance
on broad-leaved weeds across seasons and sites, while at the high rate it was toxic to the crop.
Unrestricted weed growth reduced the onion bulb diameter by 55- 61% and bulb yield by 86-93%.
Pendimethalin at 1.19 kg a. i. ha-1, applied at planting, followed by oxadiazon and/or their tank
mixtures 2 or 4 weeks after crop emergence provided adequate weed control and significantly
increased bulb size and yield. The bulb diameter and yield, obtained, were often comparable to those
of the weeded control.
Keywords: Direct seeded onion, weed, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, broad-leaved weeds, grasses
Production of direct seeded onion is constrained by weeds and complete loss of crop yield is not
uncommon. Field trials were undertaken to study the influence of sequential applications of the
herbicides pendimethalin, oxadiazon and their tank mixtures on efficacy and selectivity to direct
seeded onion. Experiments were undertaken at the Gezira and Shendi Research Stations. Onion (cv
Saggai) seeds were planted on ridges. Grassy weeds were predominant at the Gezira Research Farm
(62 and 69%), while at Shendi Research Farm broad-leaved weeds were the most common (71%).
Pendimethalin at 1.19 and 1.79 kg a. i. ha-1, applied at planting, effected excellent and persistent
control (85-100%) of grassy weeds. The herbicide at the low rate displayed inconsistent performance
on broad-leaved weeds across seasons and sites, while at the high rate it was toxic to the crop.
Unrestricted weed growth reduced the onion bulb diameter by 55- 61% and bulb yield by 86-93%.
Pendimethalin at 1.19 kg a. i. ha-1, applied at planting, followed by oxadiazon and/or their tank
mixtures 2 or 4 weeks after crop emergence provided adequate weed control and significantly
increased bulb size and yield. The bulb diameter and yield, obtained, were often comparable to those
of the weeded control.
Keywords: Direct seeded onion, weed, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, broad-leaved weeds, grasses
2018-12-01T00:00:00ZAssessment of municipal solid waste profile of Shendi City, River Nile State, SudanOmar Yousof, Mohamed AliEltigani Osman, Musa Omerhttp://159.69.53.182:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5282018-12-20T10:25:40Z2018-12-01T00:00:00ZAssessment of municipal solid waste profile of Shendi City, River Nile State, Sudan
Omar Yousof, Mohamed Ali; Eltigani Osman, Musa Omer
A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the solid wastes status of the household in Shendi
City, Sudan. Questionnaire, interviews and observations were used. Results showed that 30% - 55%
of the household produce about a kilogram a day per person, while 22% - 40% generate 5 or more
kilograms daily. More than 50% of the household of different classes store their waste at home near
the toilet, kitchen or other commodities in the house. Although most of the households were using
suitable methods to store their solid waste (covered bins: 03%-09%; and closed plastic bags: 67%-
74%), however, in some of the household the waste stored at the collection point (03%-06%) or other
improper methods (05% - 18%). The most common types of solid waste from the household in the
study area are accumulation of various municipal wastes (35%-47%), organic matters (32%-41%) and
plastics (07% -23%). In conclusion, a daily solid waste generation per capita in Shendi City is
relatively high. Uncontrolled collection and indiscriminately storage of the waste can create breeding
sites suitable for insect or parasites that may pose risks to public health.
A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the solid wastes status of the household in Shendi
City, Sudan. Questionnaire, interviews and observations were used. Results showed that 30% - 55%
of the household produce about a kilogram a day per person, while 22% - 40% generate 5 or more
kilograms daily. More than 50% of the household of different classes store their waste at home near
the toilet, kitchen or other commodities in the house. Although most of the households were using
suitable methods to store their solid waste (covered bins: 03%-09%; and closed plastic bags: 67%-
74%), however, in some of the household the waste stored at the collection point (03%-06%) or other
improper methods (05% - 18%). The most common types of solid waste from the household in the
study area are accumulation of various municipal wastes (35%-47%), organic matters (32%-41%) and
plastics (07% -23%). In conclusion, a daily solid waste generation per capita in Shendi City is
relatively high. Uncontrolled collection and indiscriminately storage of the waste can create breeding
sites suitable for insect or parasites that may pose risks to public health.
2018-12-01T00:00:00ZConventional and modern techniques for the analysis of some Sudan claysAisha, Abass AbdAllaIbrahim, Mohamed Ahmedhttp://159.69.53.182:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5272018-12-20T10:20:13Z2018-12-01T00:00:00ZConventional and modern techniques for the analysis of some Sudan clays
Aisha, Abass AbdAlla; Ibrahim, Mohamed Ahmed
This study was conducted to determine the main elements contents of clay samples collected from
different parts of Sudan (Omdurman, Marawi, Blue Nile, Kosti, Umm Ali and Portland cement) using
gravimetric and volumetric techniques as classical chemical analysis and compare the results obtained
to the X-ray fluorescence as a physical method of analysis adopted recently. The results obtained from
chemical analysis were as follows: losses on ignition were in the range 1.06 to 24%; SiO2 were in the
range 20-70%; Al2O3 9-33%; Fe2O3 0.05-9.40%; MgO 2-10%; CaO 0.6-61.07; K2O, 0.1-3.6% and
Na2O 0.11-4%, depending upon the type of soil whether koalinite, montmorillonite or illite. The XRF
analyses showed some agreement to chemical analysis in a loss on ignition, Fe2O3, Al2O3 and CaO,
however, differ in K2O, Na2O, SiO2 and MgO.
Keywords: Sudan clay, analysis, Chemical, XRF.
This study was conducted to determine the main elements contents of clay samples collected from
different parts of Sudan (Omdurman, Marawi, Blue Nile, Kosti, Umm Ali and Portland cement) using
gravimetric and volumetric techniques as classical chemical analysis and compare the results obtained
to the X-ray fluorescence as a physical method of analysis adopted recently. The results obtained from
chemical analysis were as follows: losses on ignition were in the range 1.06 to 24%; SiO2 were in the
range 20-70%; Al2O3 9-33%; Fe2O3 0.05-9.40%; MgO 2-10%; CaO 0.6-61.07; K2O, 0.1-3.6% and
Na2O 0.11-4%, depending upon the type of soil whether koalinite, montmorillonite or illite. The XRF
analyses showed some agreement to chemical analysis in a loss on ignition, Fe2O3, Al2O3 and CaO,
however, differ in K2O, Na2O, SiO2 and MgO.
Keywords: Sudan clay, analysis, Chemical, XRF.
2018-12-01T00:00:00ZExpert system for diagnosing and prescribing the treatment for three of the heart diseases (myocardial infarction, angina and rheumatic fever)Bushara, Nazim Osmanhttp://159.69.53.182:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5262018-12-20T10:17:21Z2018-12-01T00:00:00ZExpert system for diagnosing and prescribing the treatment for three of the heart diseases (myocardial infarction, angina and rheumatic fever)
Bushara, Nazim Osman
This paper studies an essential topic in artificial intelligence that deals with the process of diagnosing
and prescribing the medication for three heart diseases, namely myocardial infarction, angina and
rheumatic fever, using expert system technique. The proposed expert system will assist beginner
physicians in detecting and describing treatment for the disease, beside, reducing the time for a correct
diagnosis and diagnostic errors. This technique has been designed using visual basic programming
language and SQL for the database, and has tested in the Sudan’s Center for the Heart Diseases and its
experimental results showed that this system did quite better than non-expert physicians and about
57% as a well as the expert did.
Keywords: Heart diseases, diagnosis, expert system.
This paper studies an essential topic in artificial intelligence that deals with the process of diagnosing
and prescribing the medication for three heart diseases, namely myocardial infarction, angina and
rheumatic fever, using expert system technique. The proposed expert system will assist beginner
physicians in detecting and describing treatment for the disease, beside, reducing the time for a correct
diagnosis and diagnostic errors. This technique has been designed using visual basic programming
language and SQL for the database, and has tested in the Sudan’s Center for the Heart Diseases and its
experimental results showed that this system did quite better than non-expert physicians and about
57% as a well as the expert did.
Keywords: Heart diseases, diagnosis, expert system.
2018-12-01T00:00:00Z